The corpus callosum is a thin band of white matter that forms during the embryonic development of the brain and serves to connect the two cerebral hemispheres. X-linked dysgenesis of the corpus callosum is a condition, wherein a partial failure of the development of this important cerebral structure is evinced. This condition is usually not associated with any neuronopathies and is, therefore, non-syndromic as compared to the syndromic forms of corpus callosum agenesis, usually inherited in an autosomal manner. Most common symptoms associated with this condition include macrocephaly, seizures, and developmental delay. Some patients may also show mental retardation, spasticity, microcephaly, hypertelorism, and/or unusual facies.
Detection of this condition by sonographic evaluation of the fetus is complicated by the difficulties in visualizing this thin band in the scans. However, examinations after 20 weeks gestation can give a definite idea. The seizures are difficult to control.