The Lennox-Gastaut type of epilepsy, although relatively rare in itself, is the most common cause of childhood epilepsies that are difficult to treat. The condition usually presents itself around the age of 3-5 years of age in the form of seizures. The type of seizures differ from patient to patient, and can be atonic-astatic (drop attack), tonic (stiffening), or generalized tonic-clonic (convulsions). The atonic-astatic seizures are the most difficult, because they result in frequent falls, which may cause injuries. Some affected patients go on to develop a non-convulsive status epilepticus, which is a continuous state of seizures, so prolonged that it creates a fixed and lasting condition, and requires medical intervention to end. As children grow older, the type of seizures also changes. The drop attacks ten to cease, and convulsions dominate. One to five of every 100 children with epilepsy are affected with this condition. Boys tend to show a slightly higher incidence of this condition than do girls.
An electroencephalogram (EEG) is the best and most reliable method to diagnose this condition. Treatment is very difficult. Anti-convulsive drugs may have some effect. Other therapeutic strategies include administration of corticosteroids during prolonged seizures, going on a ketogenic diet, and undergoing corpus callostomy or vagus nerve stimulation to combat the drop attacks. Prognosis is generally poor. Only a few of the patients are seizure free by their teenage years, whereas most other patients remain with poor seizure control and intellectual development.