Chylous ascites is a condition characterized by accumulation of lymphatic fluid, rich in triglycerides, in the peritoneal cavity. Presence of chylous ascites in itself is not a disorder, but a sign of an underlying disorder. Chylous ascites may be due either to trauma, malignancy, inflammatory processes, or congenital abnormalities of the lymphatic system. Major clinical features of this condition include weight gain, respiratory distress, abdominal distension, a feeling of fullness, and occasionally, vomiting and diarrhea. Affected patients may also show signs of malnutrition and/or protein deficiency. This condition is seen to occur slightly more in males than in females (1.08:1).
The clinical signs may point to the presence of chylous ascites, which can be confirmed using CT, MRI or bipedal lymphangiography. Paracentesis, a procedure wherein ascitic fluid is taken out of the peritoneum, can also be used as a diagnostic measure. Treatment focuses on having a high-protein, low-fat diet, and taking diuretics. In severe cases, feeding may be done intravenously. Surgical intervention can also be performed by means of internal shunting, while regular paracentesis can help remove the fluid build-up.