Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by many features reminiscent of marked premature aging. The characteristic features include short stature, prominent eyes, micrognathia, craniofacial disproportion, loss of subcutaneous fat, alopecia, beaked nose, "plucked-bird" appearance, coax valga, pathologic bone fractures, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disorders. Other clinical features include abnormal and delayed dentition, thin and high pitched voice, pyriform thorax, and short dystrophic clavicles.
At birth, the appearance of patients with Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome is generally normal, but by the first year of age patients show severe growth retardation, balding and sclerodermatous skin changes. Affected children are usually short and thin with an average height of 100 cm or so and average weight of 12-15 kg or even less. Death usually occurs from 7 to 28 years, with a median age of 13.4 years. Over 80% of deaths are due to heart attacks or congestive heart failure.
Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome is caused by mutation in the lamin A (LMNA) gene. Majority of the HGPS cases are sporadic with de novo mutations in LMNA gene. However, in familial cases, studies have suggested both autosomal dominant and recessive inheritance.