Meier-Gorlin Syndrome 1

Alternative Names

  • MGORS1
  • Ear, Patella, Short Stature Syndrome
  • EPS
  • Microtia, Absent Patellae, Micrognathia Syndrome
  • Meier-Gorlin Syndrome
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WHO-ICD-10 version:2010

Congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities

Other congenital malformations

OMIM Number

224690

Mode of Inheritance

Autosomal recessive

Gene Map Locus

1p32.3

Description

Meier-Gorlin syndrome (MGORS) is a condition characterized by short stature. It is considered a form of primordial dwarfism because of the intrauterine growth retardation. After birth, affected individuals continue to grow at a slow rate. Other characteristic features of this condition are underdeveloped or missing patellae, small ears, and often, microcephaly. Most people with Meier-Gorlin syndrome have normal intellect. Some patients may have other skeletal abnormalities, such as unusually narrow long bones in the arms and legs, genu recurvatum, and delayed bone age. Most people with Meier-Gorlin syndrome have distinctive facial features. In addition to being abnormally small, the ears may be low-set or rotated backward. Additional features can include microstomia, micrognathia, full lips, and a narrow nose with a high nasal bridge. Abnormalities in sexual development may also occur including cryptorchidism in affected males, and hypoplasia of the labia majora and small breasts in affected females. Both males and females with this condition can have sparse or absent axillary hair.

Meier-Gorlin is an autosomal recessive inherited metabolic disorder. MGORS can be caused by mutations in one of several genes that are involved in DNA replication, which include ORC1, ORC4, ORC6, CDT1, CDC45L, MCM5, and CDC6. Out of these, MGORS1 (Meier-Gorlin syndrome 1) is associated with mutations in ORC1 gene.

Epidemiology in the Arab World

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Other Reports

Saudi Arabia

Bicknell et al. (2011) studied a cohort of nine members of a consanguineous Saudi-Arabian family with two children who had microcephalic primordial dwarfism.  Both affected individuals in this family had very marked growth retardation (−6.5 SD) from the age-related normal population mean.  The first patient was a male, who had a small chin, mildly small ears, and full lips, with a normal intellect.  They also had mild, nonspecific icythyosis.  Growth hormone stimulation test was suboptimal, IGF1 levels were normal, and there was no response to growth hormone therapy.  The second patient in this family was a female who had small anterior fontanelle and relatively small ears.  She suffered from gastro-oesophageal reflux, and had a normal brain MRI.  Genome wide homozygosity mapping in this family enabled the identification of a homozygous A>G transition (c.314A>G) in exon 4 generating a non-conservative amino acid substitution (p.Glu127Gly).  

Syria

Bicknell et al. (2011) studied a Syrian family with one member affected with microcephalic primordial dwarfism.  This female child had marked growth retardation (-7.6 SD).  Dysmorphic facial features included mild micrognathia, small ears, mild synophrys, and full lips.  Intellect was normal.  She also had bronchomalacia, gastro-oesophageal reflux and craniosynostosis that required surgery.  Skeletal analysis at birth showed hyper-extended dislocated knees. Tibia was posteriorly dislocated and surgically corrected, while patella was present.  Bicknell et al. (2011) identified a homozygous mutation in the ORC1 gene in the patient.  

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