Schimke immuno-osseous dysplasia (SIOD) is a rare multisystem disorder characterized by spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia (SED) resulting in short stature, progressive nephropathy leading to renal failure, and T-cell deficiency. Most affected individuals have distinctive physical features including, fine hair, a thin upper lip, a broad, low nasal bridge, and bulbous nasal tip. Additional features include excessive inward curvature of the lumbar spine, a protruding abdomen, and hyperpigmented macules on the trunk and occasionally on the neck, face, arms and legs. According to the severity of the clinical features and the age of onset, SIOD has been categorized into an infantile or severe early-onset form and a juvenile or milder late-onset form.
The diagnosis of SIOD is based on clinical findings. Life expectancy is limited to childhood or early adolescence in most patients, due to stroke, severe opportunistic infections, bone marrow failure, complications of kidney failure, congestive heart failure, and unspecified lung disease. Those affected with the juvenile form of the condition can survive into adulthood if renal disease is appropriately treated.