TRPA1 is an excitatory ion channel that belongs to the transient receptor potential (TRP) superfamily. A key role of the channel is in pain perception. It is believed to be involved in the transduction machinery through which volatile external irritants and endogenous inflammatory mediators depolarize nociceptors to elicit pain. TRPA1 has also been speculated to be engaged in cold nociception and inner ear function.
The gene has been implicated in familial episodic pain syndrome, a disorder characterized by debilitating upper body pain brought on by triggers such as cold, fasting or physical stress. Other symptoms include breathing difficulties, tachycardia, peribuccal cyanosis, and stiffness of the abdominal wall. Recent studies have also linked the gene to cardiovascular disease and changes in blood pressure.