Coiled-Coil And C2 Domains-Containing Protein 2A

Alternative Names

  • CC2D2A
  • KIAA1345
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OMIM Number

612013

NCBI Gene ID

57545

Uniprot ID

Q9P2K1

Length

132,898 bases

No. of Exons

40

No. of isoforms

4

Protein Name

Coiled-coil and C2 domain-containing protein 2A

Molecular Mass

186185 Da

Amino Acid Count

1620

Genomic Location

chr4:15,468,659-15,601,556

Gene Map Locus
4p15.32

Description

CC2D2A  gene encodes a protein that is part of the tectonic complex.  This complex is localized at the ciliary transition zone and prevents the diffusion of transmembrane proteins between the cilia and plasma membranes.  Based on studies in lower species, the protein is believed to be involved in a number of biological processes, including primary cilium assembly, determination of left/right symmetry and embryonic brain development.

CC2D2A gene is associated with Joubert Syndrome 9 (JBTS9), a rare ciliopathy characterized by cerebellar ataxia, oculomotor apraxia, hypotonia, breathing difficulties, abnormal eye and tongue movements, intellectual disability, and brain anomalies.  Mutations in the gene have also been linked to Meckel Syndrome 6 (MKS6), a ciliopathy with a more severe phenotype compared to JBTS.  The autosomal recessive disorder is characterized by occipital encephalocele, large cystic kidneys, fibrotic changes in the liver and polydactyly.  COACH syndrome is another disorder that is related to the CC2D2A gene.  The disease, which has overlapping features with JBTS and MKS, is characterized by cerebellar vermis hypo/aplasia, oligophrenia, ataxia, ocular coloboma, and hepatic fibrosis.

Epidemiology in the Arab World

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Variant NameCountryGenomic LocationClinvar Clinical SignificanceCTGA Clinical Significance Condition(s)HGVS ExpressionsdbSNPClinvar
NM_001378615.1:c.3084delSaudi ArabiaNC_000004.12:g.15563424delPathogenicPathogenicMeckel Syndrome, Type 6NG_013035.1:g.98559del; NM_001378615.1:c.3084del; NP_001365544.1:p.Lys1029fs38683374956301
NM_001378615.1:c.3364C>TSaudi ArabiaNC_000004.12:g.15567752C>TLikely Pathogenic, Pathogenic, Uncertain SignificanceLikely PathogenicJoubert Syndrome 9NG_013035.1:g.102887C>T; NM_001378615.1:c.3364C>T; NP_001365544.1:p.Pro1122Ser118204051743
NM_001378615.1:c.4583G>AUnited Arab EmiratesNC_000004.12:g.15599615G>AUncertain SignificanceLikely PathogenicJoubert Syndrome 9NG_013035.1:g.134750G>A; NM_001378615.1:c.4583G>A; NP_001365544.1:p.Arg1528His886940102597406

Other Reports

Saudi Arabia

Shaheen et al. (2013) analyzed the genome of 18 MKS affected Saudi families to determine the underlying genetic defects.  Members of these families were diagnosed with MKS based on the presence of occipital encephalocele as well as any combination of liver fibrosis, cleft palate, dysplastic kidneys, polydactyly and early lethality.  DNA from both affected and healthy members was obtained.  Due to the consanguineous nature of the families, an autozygome guided approach was considered.  Known MKS genes within these autozygous regions were screened for mutations.  In this manner, CC2D2A mutations were uncovered in six of the families.  The mutation c.3084delG resulting in p.Lys1029Argfs3 was found in four of these families.  In the remaining two, a novel mutation, c.4531T>C (p.Trp1511Arg) was found.  In-silico analysis by PolyPhen categorized this variant as ‘probably damaging’ while SIFT predicted it to affect protein function. 

Al-Hamed et al. (2016) studied a cohort of 44 Saudi families with antenatal ultrasound findings of bilateral cystic kidney disease, echogenic kidneys or enlarged kidneys to identify the underlying genetic defects.  Homozygous CC2D2A mutations, found in eight cases, were the most common cause of antenatal cystic kidney disease in the cohort.  In six of these cases, occipital encephalocele, oligohydramnios/anhydramnios, and cystic kidneys were found.  They all belonged to consanguineous families and their symptoms were indicative of Meckel syndrome.  Other symptoms in this group included enlarged, echogenic kidneys in two cases, and polydactyly, corpus callosum agenesis, spina bifida, intrauterine growth restriction, clubfoot and ascites seen in one case each.  Three subjects carried the known mutation c.3084delG, while 2 had the mutation c.4531T>C, and one had the novel c. 4437+1G>A mutation.  The novel splice site mutation was studied using ‘Human Splicing Finder’ and found to result in a broken donor site.  It also occurred at a highly conserved residue and was not found in the ExAC database.  Another subject suffering from cystic kidneys, cerebellar vermis aplasia, dilated cisterna magna and corpus callosum agenesis was found to carry the known mutation c.3364C>T.  The subject’s symptoms were suggestive of Joubert syndrome.  In the eighth case, the DNA of the affected subject was unavailable.  Ultrasound findings included cystic kidneys, cerebellar vermis aplasia and dilated cisterna magna also suggestive of Joubert syndrome.  Both parents of the fetus were found to be heterozygous for the known mutation c.3084delG.  All eight cases resulted in fetal death.

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