The AGMO gene, also known as TMEM195, codes for a tetrahydrobiopterin-dependent enzyme, called Alkylglycerol Monooxygenase, that cleaves the ether bond of alkylglycerols. Alkylglycerols are a specific subclass of ether lipids that play an essential role in structural brain development, spermatogenesis, immune mediation, and cell signaling, among other things. Alkylglycerol monooxygenase is the only enzyme known to carry out the hydrolysis of alkylglycerols. The exact reaction carried out by the enzyme involves the conversion of 1-alkyl-sn-glycerol to 1-hydroxyalkyl-sn-glycerol in a reaction aided by tetrahydrobiopterin.
Genome-wide association data indicated that variants in AGMO are associated with conditions such as diabetes, congenital heart disease, and autism. Recent studies have also shown mutations in this gene to be causal for a syndromic form of Primary Microcephaly.