Spastic Paraplegia 20, autosomal recessive (Troyer syndrome) belongs to a group of rare genetic disorders known as hereditary spastic paraplegias. These disorders are characterized by progressive muscle stiffness and the development of paralysis of the lower limbs. There are two types of hereditary spastic paraplegias: the pure types that involve the lower limbs and the complex types that involve the lower limbs and can also affect the upper limbs to a lesser degree, the structure or functioning of the brain, and the nerves connecting the brain and spinal cord to muscles and sensory cells that detect sensations such as touch, pain, heat, and sound (i.e., the peripheral nervous system).
Troyer syndrome is a complex hereditary spastic paraplegia, characterized mainly by progressive stiffness, weakness and wasting of the lower leg muscles. The thumb muscle and speech is also affected. It causes the degeneration and death of muscle cells and motor neurons throughout the lifetime of the patient, leading to a slow progressive decline in muscle and nerve function.
SPG20 is a rare disorder, with only 20 cases having been reported in the Old Order Amish population. Diagnosis is based on clinical evaluation and the family history of the person. DNA analysis can help in diagnosing particular forms of HSP. There are no specific treatments. Both symptomatic treatment used for spasticity, such as muscle relaxants, and supportive medical management could be helpful.
