Sphingomyelin Phosphodiesterase 1, Acid Lysosomal

Alternative Names

  • SMPD1
  • Sphingomyelinase, Acid
  • ASM
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OMIM Number

607608

NCBI Gene ID

6609

Uniprot ID

P17405

Length

4,559 bases

No. of Exons

5

No. of isoforms

4

Protein Name

Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase

Molecular Mass

69936 Da

Amino Acid Count

631

Genomic Location

chr11:6,390,440-6,394,998

Gene Map Locus
11p15.4

Description

The protein encoded by this gene is a lysosomal acid sphingomyelinase that converts sphingomyelin to ceramide. The encoded protein also has phospholipase C activity. Defects in this gene are a cause of Niemann-Pick disease type A (NPA) and Niemann-Pick disease type B (NPB). Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [From RefSeq]

To date, over 160 mutations distributed along the SMPD1 gene have been detected in patients with Niemann-Pick disease types A and B.  The majority of mutations are missense; however, nonsense, splicing, small insertions or deletions have been reported.  Four common mutations have been identified; three of these mutations (Leu304Pro, Arg498Leu and Phe333Serfs) account for about 95% of patients with NPD-A, and one recurrent mutation, Arg608del, is responsible for most cases of NPD-B of Ashkenazi Jewish origin.

Epidemiology in the Arab World

View Map
Variant NameCountryGenomic LocationClinvar Clinical SignificanceCTGA Clinical Significance Condition(s)HGVS ExpressionsdbSNPClinvar
NM_000543.4:c.1244C>TUnited Arab EmiratesNC_000011.10:g.6393368C>TLikely Pathogenic, PathogenicNiemann-Pick Disease, Type BNG_011780.1:g.7944C>T; NM_000543.4:c.1244C>T; NP_000534.3:p.Ala415Val1451199796
NM_000543.4:c.762delUnited Arab EmiratesNC_000011.10:g.6391827delLikely PathogenicNiemann-Pick Disease, Type ANG_011780.1:g.6403del; NM_000543.4:c.762del; NP_000534.3:p.Leu256Ter
NM_000543.5:c.1376A>GLebanonchr11:6393931Likely PathogenicPathogenicNiemann-Pick Disease, Type ANG_011780.1:g.8507A>G; NM_000543.5:c.1376A>G; NP_000534.3:p.His459Arg992706

Other Reports

Jordan

[See: Saudi Arabia> Simonaro et al., (2002)]

Saudi Arabia

Simonaro et al., (2002) conducted a study worldwide for patients with type B Niemann-Pick disease (NPD).  Dimorphic and/or mutation information were collected for 394 NPD type B patients.  The highest incidence was in individuals of Turkish, Arabic, and North African descent.  Of these patients, there were two Jordanians, 20 Tunisians, and 18 Saudis.  A total of 45 novel mutations were found, of these several common mutations within ethnic groups were identified.  The H421Y and K576N mutations were found to be the common mutations among Saudi patients accounting for more than 85% of the alleles.  These mutations led to an early-onset and more severe form of type B NPD.  The previously reported delR608 mutation was found in about 12% of the alleles studied.  

Hellani et al., (2004) performed mutation screening in a consanguineous family with severe Niemann-Pick disease type B for the SMPD1 gene followed by preimplantaion genetic diagnosis (PGD) using nested PCR and sequencing.  The family had three children with NPD-B.  The first child presented at the age of months with hepatosplenomegaly and he died at 3 years old age.  The second child was diagnosed at the age of 6 months.  He underwent BMT at the age of 1 year, but had severe Graft-versus-host with continues diarrhea and severe bleeding.  At 6 years of age, he remained severely neurological crippled and his development level was 6 months only.  The third child was a 4.5-year-old boy who was diagnosed with the disease at 2 months of age.  He developed liver failure with jaundice and low platelet count.  A novel homozygous c.1597T>C in exon 6 of the SMPD1 gene was identified in the three affected patients.  This mutation resulted in a W533R amino acid substitution.  The parents were carriers for this mutation.  The PGD for eight embryos revealed that three embryos were heterozygous for the W533R mutation, three were normal, one embryo was mutant, and one was failed to diagnose.  A singleton pregnancy was obtained after one heterozygous embryo and one normal embryo were transferred.  Postnatal DNA testing revealed a normal homozygous genotype for the newborn.

Monies et al. (2017) outlined the genomic landscape of Saudi Arabia based on the findings of 1000 diagnostic panels and exomes. One patient, a 3-year-old female, suffered from severe neonatal cholestasis and fluctuating GGT. Using a multigene panel for gastrointestinal disorders, a homozygous mutation (c.1267C>T, p.H423Y) was identified in exon 4 of the patient’s SMPD1 gene. As SMPD1 is associated with Niemann-Pick disease, the atypical presentation of the patient helped expand the phenotype of this disorder. 

Tunisia

[See: Saudi Arabia> Simonaro et al., (2002)]

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