Young Syndrome is a rare condition characterized by the association of obstructive azoospermia and recurrent sino-bronchial infections. The signs and symptoms of this condition are very similar to Cystic Fibrosis. In men, the condition is usually diagnosed when assessing for infertility. The azoospermia results from obstruction of the epididymides by inspissated secretions. These secretions are also responsible for bronchiectasis and rhinosinusitis. Respiratory function is usually normal.

As expected, the prime differential diagnosis involves cystic fibrosis. Young syndrome can be differentiated from Cystic Fibrosis based on normal sweat gland and pancreatic function in the former. Another condition with similar features to consider is Congenital Bilateral Absence of the Vas deferens (CBAVD) and Immotile Cilia Syndrome. Thus, a proper diagnosis is made on the basis of occurrence of chronic sinopulmonary infections, persistent azoospermia, normal spermatogenesis, and characteristic epididymal findings, as well as exclusion of the other syndromes.

The condition can be managed effectively by prompt treatment of sinus and pulmonary infections. Infertility due to Young Syndrome can be resolved using techniques such as vasoepididymostomy and intracytoplasmic sperm injection.

There has been some evidence to show that hereditary forms of Young Syndrome may be inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. However, the exact genetic locus involved is unclear. No mutations in the CFTR gene have detected in patients with Young Syndrome.