Joubert Syndrome 1

Alternative Names

  • JBTS1
  • Joubert Syndrome
  • JBTS
  • Joubert-Boltshauser Syndrome
  • Cerebelloparenchymal Disorder IV
  • CPD4
  • Cerebellooculorenal Syndrome 1
  • CORS1
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WHO-ICD-10 version:2010

Congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities

Congenital malformations of the nervous system

OMIM Number

213300

Mode of Inheritance

Autosomal recessive

Gene Map Locus

9q34.3

Description

Joubert's syndrome is a rare autosomal-recessive condition characterized by midbrain-hindbrain malformation and other variable clinical symptoms. Vermis hypoplasia/agenesis and abnormalities at the pontomesencephalic junction are the hallmarks of the diagnosis, yet the relationship between radiologic and clinical findings has been targeted only in a few studies. Irregular breathing during the neonatal period, developmental delay, intellectual disability, hypotonia, ocular motor abnormalities, and occasionally, retinal dystrophy and cystic kidneys are the main features of this syndrome.

Joubert's syndrome 1 is associated with defects in INPP5E gene.

Epidemiology in the Arab World

View Map
Subject IDCountrySexFamily HistoryParental ConsanguinityHPO TermsVariantZygosityMode of InheritanceReferenceRemarks
213300.1Oman; United Arab Emir...UnknownYes Retinal dystrophy ; Molar tooth sign on...NM_019892.6:c.1543C>THomozygousAutosomal, RecessiveBen-Salem et al. 2014 Emirati patient of O...
213300.2Oman; United Arab Emir...FemaleNoYes Ataxia; Global developmental delay; ...NM_019892.6:c.1543C>THomozygousAutosomal, RecessiveBielas et al. 2009; Ben-Salem et al. 2014; Al-Gazali and Hamamy. 2014 Emirati patient of O...
213300.3.1Saudi ArabiaMaleYesYes Lateral ventricle dilatation; Ventriculo...NM_017990.5:c.1360G>THomozygousAutosomal, RecessiveAlazami et al. 2015
213300.3.2Saudi ArabiaMaleYesYes Molar tooth sign on MRI; Thin corpus cal...NM_017990.5:c.1360G>THomozygousAutosomal, RecessiveAlazami et al. 2015 Brother of 213300.3....
213300.G.1Oman; United Arab Emir...YesYes Ataxia; Global developmental delay; ...NM_019892.6:c.1543C>T, NM_019892.6:c.1534C>THomozygousAutosomal, RecessiveBielas et al. 2009; Ben-Salem et al. 2014; Al-Gazali and Hamamy. 2014 Five Emirati patient...
213300.G.3EgyptYesYes Ataxia; Global developmental delay; Inte...NM_019892.6:c.1738A>GHomozygousAutosomal, RecessiveBielas et al. 2009 Three Egyptian patie...
213300.G.4United Arab EmiratesYesYes Ataxia; Global developmental delay; Inte...NM_019892.6:c.1688G>AHomozygousAutosomal, RecessiveBielas et al. 2009; Ben-Salem et al. 2014; Al-Gazali and Hamamy. 2014 Four Emirati patient...

Other Reports

Oman

Sztriha et al. (1999) studied 6 patients with Joubert syndrome from two consanguineous Omani families. In the first family, the parents had 11 children including 4 affected children - 3 males and one female. Their 12th male child died at 6 years of age. He had severe delay in mental and motor development, and was likely affected by the syndrome. No other affected members were observed in the extended family. The second family included two male patients with no history of a neurologic disorder in the family. Patients from both families were born at term after uneventful pregnancies. However, all of them acquired impairment of smooth pursuit, saccades, and ocular motor apraxia after the neonatal period. All patients had a malformation of the pontomesencephalic junction, with prominent superior cerebellar peduncles and deep interpeduncular fossa.

Saar et al. (1999) performed a whole-genome scan in the first family previously studied by Sztriha et al. (1999) and linkage to a localized locus responsible for Joubert syndrome was tested in another Omani family.  In the first family, fluorescence-based semi-automated genotyping was done with analysis of 358 markers which covered the entire autosomal genome.  With the assumption of autosomal recessive inheritance with full penetrance and equal allele frequencies for each marker, all markers were scored for homozygosity and all the genotypes were checked for Mendelian segregation which was followed by haplotyping. All four patients were found to be homozygous by descent for a single region on the telomeric region of chromosome 9q and all patients were found to be homozygous for three consecutive markers in the interval between D9S114 and D9S1838.  On two-point and multipoint analysis, the family was linked to D9S158 (score of Z=+2.907 and +3.7, respectively).  Saar et al. (1999) extended their analysis to the second family of Sztriha et al. (1999) to test it for possible linkage to the candidate region on chromosome 9.  Upon analysis of the second family, the patients were found to be compatible with the linkage to the identified region as they had the same haplotype for five consecutive markers between D9S164 and D9S1838, and marker D9S158 had a two-point lod score of + 4.14.  However, Saar et al. (1999) did not perform a whole-genome scan for this family and the possibility remains that the disease in the corresponding patients may be linked to another region.  Saar et al. (1999) demonstrated genetic heterogeneity of this disorder and suggested further classification of Joubert syndrome based on linkage to chromosome 9qtel or the lack thereof.

Al-Gazali et al. 1999 reported on two families with multiple consanguinity of UAE nationality and Omani origin. Both patients presented with abnormal eye movement, hypotonia, dysgenesis of the cerebelar vermis, as well as abnormal breathing and retina coloboma in one of the patients. 

Palestine

Sztriha et al. (1999) analyzed a 7-year-old male with Joubert syndrome born to consanguineous parents of Palestinian origin. During the neonatal period, the patient had episodic hyperpnea. He also had impairment of smooth pursuit and saccades as well as abnormal jerky eye movements from early infancy, which consisted of conjugate, irregular, pendular, rotatory, and horizontal movements. The entire vermis was absent. Sztriha et al. (1999) also observed malformation of the pontomesencephalic junction, with prominent superior cerebellar peduncles and deep interpeduncular fossa in the patient. Subsequently, Saar et al. (1999) tested DNA samples of the family for possible linkage to a candidate region on chromosome 9. Haplotype analysis excluded linkage for this region in the family.

Saudi Arabia

Alorainy (2006) reviewed and analyzed the MRI studies on 808 pediatric patients (aged 3 days to 15 years) over a 3-year period. A total of 114 congenital cerebral malformations were identified in 86 of these patients via MRI. Three patients were identified with Joubert Syndrome.

United Arab Emirates

Al-Gazali et al. 1999 reported on two families with multiple consanguinity of UAE nationality and Omani origin. Both patients presented with abnormal eye movement, hypotonia, dysgenesis of the cerebelar vermis, as well as abnormal breathing and retina coloboma in one of the patients. 

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