Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome, Hypermobility Type

Alternative Names

  • EDSHMB
  • Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome, Type III
  • EDS III
  • EDS3
  • Benign Hypermobility Syndrome
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WHO-ICD-10 version:2010

Congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities

Congenital malformations and deformations of the musculoskeletal system

OMIM Number

130020

Mode of Inheritance

Autosomal dominant

Gene Map Locus

2q32.2,6p21.3

Description

Ehlers- Danlos syndrome (EDS) is a family of disorders that cause abnormalities in the synthesis and metabolism of the connective tissue components in skin, bones, blood vessels, joints, and other organs. As a result, the tensile strength and integrity of the affected organs will decrease. EDS is classified into many types according to the symptoms and mode of inheritance. The hypermobility (unusual range of joint movement) type, or type III, is the most common, but the least severe form of EDS that is characterized by musculoskeletal complications, degenerative joint disease, chronic pain, and soft skin. Type III EDS is found to affect 1 in 10,000 to 15,000 people worldwide. Diagnosis of this type of EDS depends mainly on clinical manifestations and family history.

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) is inherited as an autosomal dominant disorder; therefore, family history is the most important diagnostic tool. Some people with EDS, hypermobility type have mutations in the Tenascin X (TNXB) gene. The normal product of the TNXB gene is a protein known as tenascin that is important for organizing and maintaining the supportive body tissues. Scientists believe that low tenascin-X levels in the body cause changes in collagen deposition as well as disruption the elastic fiber network in joint ligaments and tendons. A mutation in the COL3A1 gene was reported in a single family with hypermobility EDS.

Epidemiology in the Arab World

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Other Reports

Saudi Arabia

Banjar (2003) reported a 10-year-old male patient with a comorbid association of type III Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) and cystic fibrosis.  The patient had a history of recurrent chest infection since one month of age and multiple admissions for pneumonia. Pulmonary function tests revealed severe obstructive lung disease and air-trapping. He had pectus carinatum, severed clubbing, hypermobility of all joints, and elastic skin.  His mother and two paternal aunts had hypermobile joints.  The patient presented features of cystic fibrosis and he died from respiratory failure.  Since EDS caused the abnormal elasticity of the lung, the patient suffered form a progressive cystic fibrosis course.

[Banjar H. Simultaneous occurrence of cystic fibrosis and Ehlers- Danlos Syndrome. Emirates Med J. 2003; 21(1):105.]

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