Walker-Warburg syndrome is a recessive autosomal disorder characterized by congenital muscular dystrophy, severe brain malformation, and structural eye abnormalities. It is also known by the acronym HARD +/- E syndrome (hydroencephalus, agyri, retinal dysplasia, plus or minus "e" for encephalocele). Clinical features include a malformed head, small eyes, cataracts, retinal abnormalities, and muscle weakness. The brain manifests cobblestone lissencephaly with agenesis of the corpus callosum, cerebellar hypoplasia, hydrocephaly, and sometimes encephalocele. Seizures may occur. Encephalocele may be present as well. Microscopic examination reveals that the cells and tissues of the brain develop in a highly disorganized fashion. Life expectancy of patients with Walker-Warburg syndrome is usually less then 1 year.