Collagen, Type XVIII, Alpha-1

Alternative Names

  • COL18A1
  • Endostatin

Associated Diseases

Knobloch Syndrome 1
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OMIM Number

120328

NCBI Gene ID

80781

Uniprot ID

P39060

Length

108,584 bases

No. of Exons

43

No. of isoforms

3

Protein Name

Collagen Alpha-1(XVIII) Chain

Molecular Mass

178188 Da

Amino Acid Count

1754

Genomic Location

chr21:45,405,164-45,513,719

Gene Map Locus
21q22.3

Description

The COL18A1 gene encodes the alpha chain of type XVIII collagen.  There are three isoforms of the alpha 1 subunit of collagen XVIII, which form three different lengths of the collagen XVIII protein.  The short isoform of collagen XVIII is found in basement membranes throughout the body, including several parts of the eye.  The two longer isoforms are found primarily in the liver.  The function of collagen XVIII is not well known, but it appears that all of the isoforms are involved in determining the retinal structure as well as in the proper closure of the neural tube.  Endostatin, which is produced by proteolytic processing at several endogenous cleavage sites in the C-terminal domain, inhibits endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis.  Defects in this protein are the cause of Knobloch syndrome, an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by vitreoretinal and macular degeneration and occipital encephalocele.

Epidemiology in the Arab World

View Map
Variant NameCountryGenomic LocationClinvar Clinical SignificanceCTGA Clinical Significance Condition(s)HGVS ExpressionsdbSNPClinvar
NM_001379500.1:c.1733_1742delUnited Arab Emirates; ...NC_000021.9:g.45486892_45486901delLikely PathogenicKnobloch Syndrome 1NG_011903.1:g.86710_86719del; NM_001379500.1:c.1733_1742del; NP_001366429.1:p.Ala578GlyfsTer143
NM_030582.4:c.3283C>TSaudi Arabiachr21:45504431Likely PathogenicLikely PathogenicKnobloch Syndrome 1NG_011903.1:g.104249C>T; NM_030582.4:c.3283C>T; NP_085059.2:p.Arg1095Ter753824908191317
NM_130445.4:c.2118dupUnited Arab EmiratesNC_000021.9:g.45491275dupPathogenicLikely PathogenicKnobloch Syndrome 1NG_011903.1:g.91093dup; NM_130445.4:c.2118dup; NP_569712.2:p.Gly707ArgfsTer2377516820465411

Other Reports

Saudi Arabia

Aldahmesh et al., (2011) described 13 patients from six consanguineous Saudi families with Knobloch syndrome.  All affected patients except one (patient 6), had truncated homozygous mutations in COL18A1 gene.  Patient 6, who did not have a mutation in the COL18A1 gene, was a 7-year-old girl presented with progressive retinal degeneration and serous retinal detachment. Using autozygosity mapping exome sequencing for patient 6, a novel homozygous missense mutation c.536C>T (p.Ser179Leu) was identified.  Her both parents were heterozygous for this mutation, while her healthy siblings were homozygous for the wild-type allele.  This mutation was not found in 386 Saudi control samples or in the Exome Variant Server.

Khan et al., (2012) described four consanguineous Saudi families with a total of seven children (aged between 4-15 years) affected with Knobloch syndrome.  All four families were found to have a separate homozygous mutation in the COL18A1 gene.  These four mutations were c.355delG (p.V119SfsX5), c.2743C>T (p.R915X), c.3514_3515delCT (p.L1172VfsX72), and c.1785_1786delinsA (p.P597LfsX127). 

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