Spastic Paraplegia 8, Autosomal Dominant

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WHO-ICD-10 version:2010

Diseases of the nervous system

Systemic atrophies primarily affecting the central nervous system

OMIM Number

603563

Mode of Inheritance

Autosomal dominant

Gene Map Locus

8q24.13

Description

Spastic paraplegia 8 is a neurologic disorder characterized by severe lower limb spasticity and weakness. Symptoms include hyperreflexia, extensor plantar responses, degeneration of the lateral corticospinal tracts, decreased vibratory sense in the lower limbs, pes cavus and atrophy of the shins. Patients also suffer from urinary urgency and incontinence.

Hereditary spastic paraplegias have a combined prevalence of about 1 to 18 in 100,000 and SPG8 forms only a small percentage of these cases. SPG8 is considered a ‘pure’ or ‘uncomplicated’ form of spastic paraplegia as it is not accompanied by other system involvement or other neurologic findings such as seizures, dementia, amyotrophy, extrapyramidal disturbance, or peripheral neuropathy. The disorder has an adult-onset and some affected individuals become wheelchair-bound as the disease progresses.

Management of spastic paraplegia includes regular physical therapy, assistive walking devices and ankle-foot orthotics. Antispasmodic drugs can help relieve muscle cramps and tightness. Affected patients must undergo regular neurological examinations to evaluate disease progression as well as urological analysis to prevent secondary complications such as urinary tract infections. Patients’ families may also benefit from genetic counselling.  

Molecular Genetics

The disorder follows an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance and is caused by heterozygous mutations in the KIAA0196 gene. This gene encodes the strumpellin protein, believed to be involved in inducing actin polymerization. So far only missense mutations have been associated with the disorder, the most common being Val626Phe caused by a 1956G-T transversion.  

Epidemiology in the Arab World

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Other Reports

Saudi Arabia

Anazi et al. (2016) studied a cohort of 337 Intellectual Disability patients to assess the feasibility of genomic tools as a first-tier diagnostic test. Patients were recruited based on IQ scores, delayed speech acquisition and other cognitive developmental delays. They were subjected to molecular karyotyping, exome sequencing and a multi-gene panel comprised of genes associated with neuro-genetic diseases. The tests helped uncover a de-novo mutation (c.1669G>A, p.Ala557Thr) in the KIAA0196 gene of one patient, suggesting a diagnosis of spastic paraplegia 8. However, it was noted that the subject exhibited features atypical of the disease such as ID, an infantile onset and a lack of spasticity.  

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